Dating Violence, Lifestyle and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican Women University Students.

BACKGROUND: Dating violence is a prevalent issue among Mexican women, as is the incidence and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The effects of dating violence can negatively impact lifestyle and, consequently, increase the risk of T2DM. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the influence of dating violence on lifestyle and the risk of T2DM in women university students from Mexico. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design. The study population consisted of women university students. The sample size included 255 participants. Women aged 18 to 39 with current dating relationships and residency in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, were included. Data collection was conducted from February to May 2023. Correlations and multiple linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 255 women participated, with an average age of 21.6 years (SD = 3.2), and 32.2% had a history of intrafamily violence during childhood. 58.8% of the participants exhibited some level of risk of T2DM, and 56.7% of the lifestyle was mostly categorized as poor/fair. Detachment was the most prevalent type of dating violence, followed by coercion. Dating violence was correlated with lifestyle (r = -.430) and the risk of T2DM (r = .321). In the multiple linear regression model, dating violence influenced the risk of T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Women who reported higher levels of dating violence have a less healthy lifestyle and a greater risk of T2DM. It is important to consider dating violence to improve lifestyle and prevent T2DM in Mexican women university students.

The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-18 and IL-1ß regulates their recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases.

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling complexes that activate the innate immune system. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1, which then cleaves and activates IL-1ß and IL-18, as well as gasdermin D (GSDMD) to induce pyroptosis. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are known to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of other substrates besides GSDMD has remained unknown. Here, we show that CASP4/5 but not CASP11 can directly cleave and activate IL-18. However, CASP4/5/11 can all cleave IL-1ß to generate a 27-kDa fragment that deactivates IL-1ß signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the sequence identity of the tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site regulates IL-18 and IL-1ß recruitment and activation. Altogether, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation that may aid in developing new therapeutics for immune-related disorders.

Construction of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the construction process of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico. METHOD: Report of professional experiences, according to what was suggested by Daltro and Faria. RESULTS: The development and evolution of care for international migrants has favored the elaboration of a community-like Social Service Program for students of a public university in northwestern Mexico, so that intercultural health and health care for this population become part of the curricular training of the new generations of nursing graduates, in a context in which international migration is a topic of great social and cultural relevance. CONCLUSION: The construction and application of the Salud-Migrante program will enhance compliance with international recommendations on universal health for migrants, promoting respect for identity and cultural diversity in their actions.

Effect of Combining the Ionophore Monensin with Natural Antimicrobials Supplemented in the Last Phase of Finishing of Lambs: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, and Carcass Characteristics.

With the aim of evaluating the effect of combining an antibiotic ionophore with plant extracts and probiotics on the productive efficiency (performance and carcass) during the last phase of lamb fattening, 24 Pelibuey × Katahdin male lambs (38.47 ± 3.92 kg, initial weight) were fed with a high-energy diet during for 56 days, and assigned, under a complete randomized block design experiment to one of the following supplement treatments: (1) 28 mg of monensin/kg diet DM supplemented alone (MON), (2) combination of MON plus 2 g/kg diet of a product contained Bacillus subtilis 2.2 × 108 CFU kg diet DM (MON + BS), (3) combination of MON + BS plus 300 mg essential oils/kg diet DM (MON + BS + EO), and (4) BS alone. At the end of the feeding trial (56-d), lambs were slaughtered and carcass variables were measured. Compared to the rest of the treatments, combining MON with BS improved dietary NE by 3.4% and the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy consumed. Inclusion of EO in the MON + BS combination resulted in a similar average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (GF) when compared with MON + BS, but showed a lower dietary net energy (NE), hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Lambs receiving BS alone showed greater average ADG and dry matter intake (DMI) than lambs receiving MON + BS + EO, but similar feed GF and dietary NE. There were no treatment effects on tissue composition, whole cut, or visceral organ mass. It was concluded that combining probiotics with the ionophore monensin can improve the efficiency of dietary energy utilization in the last phase of finishing. Probiotics supplemented alone result in greater ADG without a difference in dietary energy efficiency when compared with MON alone. Inclusion of EO in the MON + BS combination did not show advantages; on the contrary, it reduced carcass weight and dressing percentage. It is necessary to further research the potential complementary effects of combining diverse sources of natural additives with synthetic antibiotics.

Conductas del estilo de vida y sarcopenia en personas mayores de Mexicali México: estudio transversal / Lifestyle behaviors and sarcopenia in older adults from Mexicali, Mexico: cross-sectional study

Objetivo principal: Describir la prevalencia de sarcopenia y analizar la influencia de las conductas asociadas del estilo de vida en la sarcopenia en personas mayores residentes de Mexicali, México. Metodología: Se consideró un diseño descriptivo inferencial. Participaron 105 personas mayores de 60 años o más. El muestreo fue no probabilístico. Se evaluaron los criterios diagnósticos para sarcopenia y las conductas asociadas al estilo de vida. La investigación se realizó acorde a la reglamentación ética. Resultados principales: El 24,8% y el 59% presentaron uno de los tres estadios de la sarcopenia acorde a los puntos de corte para la población mexicana y EWGSOP respectivamente. Se encontró asociación con el IMC (p <,01) y sexo (p <,05). Conclusión principal: Se identificó que la prevalencia es menor cuando se consideran los puntos de corte regionales para México. El IMC y el sexo se asociaron con la sarcopenia. (AU)

Objetive: To describe the prevalence of sarcopenia and analyze the influence of lifestyle behaviors associated with sarcopenia in older adults residents of Mexicali, Mexico. Methods: A descriptive inferential design was considered. The participants were 105 older adults. The sampling was non-probabilistic. The research considers the evaluation of the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and the behaviors associated with lifestyle. The research considered the current national and international ethical regulations. Results: The 24.8% and 59% presented one of the three stages of sarcopenia according with the cut-off points for the Mexican population and the EWGSOP, respectively. BMI (p <.01) and sex (p <.05) were associated sarcopenia. Conclusions: It was found that the prevalence is lower when considering the regional cut-off points for northern Mexico. Only BMI and gender were associated with sarcopenia. (AU)

Mamoplastia de reducción y medialización del complejo areola-pezón en paciente acondroplásica con gigantomastia. Caso clínico / Reduction mammoplasty and nipple medialization in achondroplasic patient with gigantomastia. Case report

La acondroplasia es una enfermedad genética rara que representa la forma más común de enanismo de extremidades cortas. Existen pocos casos reportados de gigantomastia y subsecuente cirugía mamaria en esta población. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con acondroplasia, gigantomastia y medialización de pezón que requirió mamoplastia reductora y reposición de complejo areola pezón (CAP). Se utilizó la técnica de T invertida con pedículo inferior. La planeación quirúrgica y el correcto marcaje en pacientes acondroplásicos son pasos importantes para una cirugía exitosa teniendo en cuenta que las referencias anatómicas habituales no son guías confiables para un posicionamiento ideal de la mama en el tórax o del CAP en la mama. (AU)

Achondroplasia is a rare genetic disease representing the most common form of short-limb dwarfism, and there are a few case reports of gigantomastia and subsequent breast surgery in this patient population. We present the case of a patient with achondroplasia, gigantomastia and nipple medialization who required a reduction mammaplasty and reposition of the nipple areola complex (NAC). An inverted T technique with an inferior pedicle was used. Surgical planning and correct marking in achondroplasic patients are important steps for a successful surgery considering that common anatomical landmarks are not a reliable guide for ideally positioning the breast on the thoracic wall or the NAC on the breast. (AU)

CDK4/6 Inhibition Induces Senescence and Enhances Radiation Response by Disabling DNA Damage Repair in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: HPV(-) OCSCC resists radiation treatment. The CDKN2A gene, encoding p16INK4A, is commonly disrupted in OCSCC. p16 inhibits CDK4/CDK6, leading to cell cycle arrest, but the biological sequelae of CDK4/6 inhibition in OCSCC remains understudied. This study examines whether inhibition of CDK4/6 enhances radiation response in OCSCC. METHODS: MTT assays were performed in OCSCC cell lines HN5 and CAL27 following treatment with palbociclib. Clonogenic survival and synergy were analyzed after radiation (RT-2 or 4Gy), palbociclib (P) (0.5 µM or 1 µM), or concurrent combination treatment (P+RT). DNA damage/repair and senescence were examined. CDK4/6 were targeted via siRNA to corroborate P+RT effects. Three-dimensional immortalized spheroids and organoids derived from patient tumors (conditionally reprogrammed OCSCC CR-06 and CR-18) were established to further examine and validate responses to P+RT. RESULTS: P+RT demonstrated reduced viability and synergy, increased ß-gal expression (~95%), and ~two-fold higher γH2AX. Rad51 and Ku80 were reduced after P+RT, indicating impairment of both HR and NHEJ. siCDK4/6 increased senescence with radiation. Spheroids showed reduced proliferation and size with P+RT. CR-06 and CR-18 further demonstrated three-fold reduced proliferation and organoids size with P+RT. CONCLUSION: Targeting CDK4/6 can lead to improved efficacy when combined with radiation in OCSCC by inducing senescence and inhibiting DNA damage repair.

The tetrapeptide sequence of IL-1ß regulates its recruitment and activation by inflammatory caspases.

The mammalian innate immune system uses germline-encoded cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect intracellular danger signals. At least six of these PRRs are known to form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes which activate cysteine proteases known as caspases. Canonical inflammasomes recruit and activate caspase-1 (CASP1), which in turn cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß and IL-18, as well as the pore forming protein, gasdermin D (GSDMD), to induce pyroptotic cell death. In contrast, non-canonical inflammasomes, caspases-4/-5 (CASP4/5) in humans and caspase-11 (CASP11) in mice, are activated by intracellular LPS to cleave GSDMD, but their role in direct processing of inflammatory cytokines has not been established. Here we show that active CASP4/5 directly cleave IL-18 to generate the active species. Surprisingly, we also discovered that CASP4/5/11 cleave IL-1ß at D27 to generate a 27 kDa fragment that is predicted to be inactive and cannot signal to the IL-1 receptor. Mechanistically, we discovered that the sequence identity of the P4-P1 tetrapeptide sequence adjacent to the caspase cleavage site (D116) regulates the recruitment and processing of IL-1ß by inflammatory caspases to generate the bioactive species. Thus, we have identified new substrates of the non-canonical inflammasomes and reveal key mechanistic details regulating inflammation.

Relationship of Marianismo Beliefs With the Self-Care Behaviors of Mexican Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Mexican women have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and less compliance with T2DM self-care compared with Mexican men. The term marianismo refers to gender and religiocultural based beliefs that may be a barrier to self-care behaviors among Mexican women. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between marianismo beliefs and self-care behaviors in Mexican women with T2DM. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among women with T2DM who attended primary care centers in Oaxaca, Mexico during 2019. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities and the Marianismo Beliefs Scale were used to measure diabetes self-care and marianismo beliefs, respectively. RESULTS: Among the 547 participants, those with higher marianismo beliefs reported significantly lower scores in diabetes self-care, (r = -.128), exercise (r = -.150), self-monitoring of blood glucose (r = -.119), foot care (r = -.093), and oral hygiene (r = -.114; all p < .01). DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that Mexican women with strong marianismo beliefs are less likely to comply with T2DM self-care behaviors. Marianismo beliefs should be considered a potential risk factor for women's health, since Mexican women may value the social recognition of maintaining these beliefs more than self-care.

Construction of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico / Construção de um programa de atenção intercultural para migrantes internacionais no noroeste do México / Construcción de un programa de cuidado intercultural para personas migrantes internacionales en el noroeste de México

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the construction process of an intercultural care program for international migrants in northwestern Mexico. Method: Report of professional experiences, according to what was suggested by Daltro and Faria. Results: The development and evolution of care for international migrants has favored the elaboration of a community-like Social Service Program for students of a public university in northwestern Mexico, so that intercultural health and health care for this population become part of the curricular training of the new generations of nursing graduates, in a context in which international migration is a topic of great social and cultural relevance. Conclusion: The construction and application of the Salud-Migrante program will enhance compliance with international recommendations on universal health for migrants, promoting respect for identity and cultural diversity in their actions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o processo de construção de um programa de atendimento intercultural para migrantes internacionais no noroeste do México. Método: Relato de experiências profissionais, conforme sugerido por Daltro e Faria. Resultados: O desenvolvimento e a evolução do atendimento aos migrantes internacionais favoreceu a estruturação de um Programa de Serviço Social de tipo comunitário para estudantes de uma universidade pública do noroeste do México, de modo que a saúde intercultural e a atenção à saúde dessa população tornem-se parte da formação curricular do novas gerações de graduados em enfermagem, em um contexto em que a migração internacional é um tema de grande relevância social e cultural. Conclusão: A construção e aplicação do programa Salud-Migrante fortalecerá o cumprimento das recomendações internacionais sobre saúde universal para migrantes, promovendo o respeito à identidade e à diversidade cultural em suas ações.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso de construcción de un programa de cuidado intercultural a personas migrantes internacionales en el noroeste de México. Método: Relato de experiencias profesionales, acorde a lo sugerido por Daltro y Faria. Resultados: El desarrollo y evolución del cuidado a personas migrantes internacionales ha favorecido la estructuración de un Programa de Servicio Social de tipo comunitario para estudiantes de una universidad pública en el noroeste de México, por lo que la salud intercultural y el cuidado a la salud a esta población se vuelve parte en la formación curricular de las nuevas generaciones de licenciados en enfermería, en un contexto en que la migración internacional es tema de gran relevancia social y cultural. Conclusión: La construcción y aplicación del programa Salud-Migrante fortalecerán el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones internacionales en materia de salud universal para personas migrantes, promoviendo en sus acciones el respeto a la identidad y diversidad cultural.

Estilo de vida del adulto mayor de acuerdo con el nivel socioeconómico, ocupación y vecindario / Elder adult´s lifestyle according to socioeconomic status, occupation and neighborhood

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer si el estilo de vida es determinado por el nivel socioeconómico, ocupación y vecindario de adultos mayores. Materiales y métodos: El estudio fue transversal, correlacional, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia usando medios digitales de grupos conocidos. Se contactaron 101 adultos mayores por correo electrónico, WhatsApp o a través de conocidos. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la herramienta digital QuestionPro. Se usaron las subescalas del instrumento FANTASTIC: actividad física, nutrición, toxicidad (tabaco), alcohol, sueño, estrés y control de la salud; Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey; el AMAI para valorar estilos de vida, caminabilidad del vecindario y nivel socioeconómico, respectivamente. así como preguntas abiertas sobre ocupación. Las medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, frecuencias y porcentajes describen las variables continuas y nominales, el Alpha de Cronbach la consistencia interna de los instrumentos y prueba de Kolmogorov Smirnov con corrección de Lilliefors para la distribución de variables. Se usaron coeficientes de correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para responder los objetivos. Resultados: A medida que el nivel socioeconómico mejora las medias de caminabilidad del vecindario aumentan (p < 0.001). El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple fue significativo (p < 0.001), el nivel socioeconómico (p = 0.006) y vecindario (p = 0.005), explican el 28% de la variación de estilos de vida. Conclusiones. El estudio permitió confirmar las teorizaciones en el sentido de que el estatus social y las oportunidades de vida, entendidas como el entorno inmediato juegan un papel importante en la elección del estilo de vida, en este caso representado por nivel socioeconómico y la caminabilidad del vecindario de los adultos mayores. Sin embargo, ello evidencia la desigualdad de oportunidades para mantener un estilo de vida saludable por parte de los adultos mayores, y es a la vez un reto para los profesionales de la salud.

Abstract Objective: To learn if elder adults lifestyle is determined by socioeconomic status, occupation, and neighborhood. Materials and methods: The design was cross sectional, correlational and a convenience non probabilistic sampling through digital social networks of known groups was used. One hundred and one older adults were contacted through e-mail, WhatsApp or by known groups (friends, classmates, professors). Data were collected through the QuestionPro digital tool. Lifestyle was measure using the following subscales: physical activity, nutrition, toxicity (tobacco), alcohol, sleep, stress and health control of the FANTASTIC instrument. Neighborhood's walkability was measured by short version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Survey, the AMAI index was used to determine the socioeconomic status, and the type of past or present occupation, activities performed and number of people under their command. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach's Alpha, Kolmogorov Smirnov test with Lilliefors correction, and nonparametric statistics were used. Results: As socioeconomic status went up medians of neighborhood walkability increased (p < 0.001). The linear multiple regression model was significant (p < 0.001); socioeconomic status (p = 0.006), and neighborhood (p = 0.005), explained 28% of the lifestyle variance. Conclusions. The study allowed some theoretical confirmation, in that social status, and life opportunities like environment, play an important role on lifestyle choices, in this study represented by socioeconomic status and neighborhood's walkability of elder adults. But results evidence social inequalities of opportunities to keep a healthy lifestyle by elder adults and at the same time it is a challenge for health professionals.

Asociación de los factores del estilo de vida con la sarcopenia: Revisión sistemática / Association of lifestyle factors with sarcopenia: Systematic Review

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre los factores de nutrición, actividad física, consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sueño con la sarcopenia en personas mayores. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la evidencia disponible en las bases de datos Dialnet, Science Direct, Scielo, and PubMed. Para las estrategias de búsqueda, se consideraron los términos en español e inglés, acorde a los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud y los Medical Subject Headings. Se emplearon los operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR". Un total de 21 estudios fueron analizados y sintetizados. Resultados: Se identificó que el consumo de nueces, frutas y omega tres puede asociarse con una menor probabilidad para desarrollar sarcopenia. El mantenerse activo sugiere una menor probabilidad para que se presente sarcopenia, en contraste las personas mayores sedentarias tienen mayores riesgos. El consumo de alcohol es un factor que se asocia con mayor probabilidad para generar sarcopenia en mujeres. En la mayoría de los estudios, el consumo de tabaco no muestra asociación significativa con la sarcopenia. En cuanto al sueño, se reporta que dormir menos de 6 horas o más de 8 horas puede incrementar la probabilidad de presentar sarcopenia en mujeres. Conclusiones: Es ideal considerar la identificación oportuna de estos factores de riesgo que están presentes en el estilo de vida, y que son susceptibles a ser modificados durante las etapas previas a la tercera edad.

Abstract Objective: To identify the association between the factors of nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption, tobacco and sleep with sarcopenia in older people. Materials and methods: A search of the available evidence was carried out in the Dialnet, Science Direct, Scielo, and PubMed databases. For the search strategies, the terms in Spanish and English were considered, according to the Descriptors in Health Sciences and the Medical Subject Headings. The Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were used. A total of 21 studies were analyzed and synthesized. Results: It was identified that the consumption of nuts, fruits and omega three may be associated with a lower probability of developing sarcopenia. Staying active suggests a lower probability of sarcopenia, in contrast, sedentary older people have higher risks. Alcohol consumption is a factor that is associated with a higher probability of generating sarcopenia in women. In most studies, tobacco use shows no significant association with sarcopenia. Regarding sleep, it is reported that sleeping less than 6 hours or more tan 8 hours can increase the probability of presenting sarcopenia in women. Conclusions: It is ideal to consider the timely identification of these risk factors that are present in the lifestyle, and that are likely to be modified during the stages prior to old age.

Feasibility of a Physical Training Intervention With Music in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Physical activity performed with music activates important brain areas associated with cognition, emotions, and motor skills. Limited information is available on the feasibility and acceptability of physical activity and music interventions. The current study aimed to (a) determine the feasibility of a physical training intervention with music in older women, and (b) describe the differences between pretest and posttest variables (i.e., cognitive state, immediate memory, executive function, gait parameters [cadence and gait speed], muscle strength, flexibility, and symptoms of depression). Results suggest that the intervention with physical training and music was feasible, given the high acceptability and retention rates, high level of attendance at the sessions, and absence of adverse events. Significant improvements were observed in immediate memory (p ≤ 0.01), executive function (p ≤ 0.05), cadence (p ≤ 0.01), leg strength (p ≤ 0.01), right arm strength (p ≤ 0.01), left arm strength (p ≤ 0.05), symptoms of depression (p ≤ 0.01), and left lower body flexibility (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, a randomized clinical trial with a larger sample could confirm the effects of this intervention on memory, executive function, cadence, leg strength, arm strength, symptoms of depression, and left lower body flexibility. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48(11), 37-43.].

Altered Gut Microbiome and Fecal Immune Phenotype in Early Preterm Infants With Leaky Gut.

Intestinal barrier immaturity, or "leaky gut", is the proximate cause of susceptibility to necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Exacerbated intestinal immune responses, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and heightened barrier injury are considered primary triggers of aberrant intestinal maturation in early life. Inordinate host immunity contributes to this process, but the precise elements remain largely uncharacterized, leaving a significant knowledge gap in the biological underpinnings of gut maturation. In this study, we investigated the fecal cytokine profile and gut microbiota in a cohort of 40 early preterm infants <33-weeks-gestation to identify immune markers of intestinal barrier maturation. Three distinct microbiota types were demonstrated to be differentially associated with intestinal permeability (IP), maternal breast milk feeding, and immunological profiles. The Staphylococcus epidermidis- and Enterobacteriaceae-predominant microbiota types were associated with an elevated IP, reduced breast milk feeding, and less defined fecal cytokine profile. On the other hand, a lower IP was associated with increased levels of fecal IL-1α/ß and a microbiota type that included a wide array of anaerobes with expanded fermentative capacity. Our study demonstrated the critical role of both immunological and microbiological factors in the early development of intestinal barrier that collectively shape the intestinal microenvironment influencing gut homeostasis and postnatal intestinal maturation in early preterm newborns.

Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

PURPOSE: Personality traits are an important factor in health behaviors. However, personality traits and self-care in T2DM in the Mexican population are not yet explored due to this; the purpose of this work was to explore the relationship of personality traits with self-care in Mexican adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 197 T2DM patients from a primary care center in Oaxaca, Mexico. The Big Five Inventory and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities (SDSCA) were the tools used. Correlation models and multiple linear regression models were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Most of the study participants were women (74.6%). The mean age was 53.1 years (SD = 8.4). The average years of schooling of the participants were 5.7 (SD = 4.3). The number of years lived with T2DM was 9.0 (SD = 6.5). The waist circumference was 96.3 (SD = 14.2), and the BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 (SD = 4.1). The traits of conscientiousness (r = 0.283) and openness (r = 0.259) were positively correlated with self-care activities, while neuroticism was inversely correlated (r = -0.144). In the multiple linear regression models, only the conscientiousness and openness traits were predictors of self-care; they explained 19% of the variance. CONCLUSION: People with greater openness and conscientiousness were associated with greater compliance with self-care. Conversely, neuroticism was inversely associated with self-care in patients with T2DM.

Percepciones sobre el uso del condón en migrantes haitianos en la frontera noroeste de México / Perceptions of condom use in Haitian migrants on the northwestern border of México

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones sobre el uso de condón en migrantes haitianos en la frontera noroeste de México. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cualitativo y diseño etnográfico, en el abordo a siete migrantes haitianos en la zona fronteriza de la ciudad de Mexicali, Baja California, México, con quienes se desarrolló una entrevista semiestructurada, la información fue analizada por el programa NVivo, para comprender frecuencia y estructura de los datos; posteriormente se realizó un proceso de categorización, interpretación y teorización del fenómeno de estudio. De un total de 281 unidades de análisis, se realizó un proceso de categorización, que permitió estructurar dos categorías, seis subcategorías y 12 códigos. Resultados: Se identifica que el uso del condón en migrantes haitianos, es interpretado como un elemento de protección a la salud sexual en la prevención de embarazos no planeados; no obstante, se identifican barreras y consecuencias del uso a nivel personal, cultural y religioso. La construcción de la idea de usarlo, recae en el tipo de relación y nivel de confianza que se tiene de la pareja sexual por lo que estar casado o vivir en concubinato, exime de la obligación o del compromiso social de usar el condón. Así mismo la idea de protección, no refleja la preocupación sobre la transmisión de las ITS. Conclusiones: El condón se percibe como un elemento de importancia para la prevención de embarazos no planeados y del VIH, sin embargo, la presencia de factores personales, sensoriales e ideológicos limitan el uso constante del condón; por lo que el desarrollo de intervenciones culturalmente adaptadas, a la población de migrantes haitianos, en el contexto de la frontera norte de México, pueden fortalecer el uso del condón y la prevención del VIH

Abstract Objective: To identify the perceptions of condom use in Haitian migrants in the northwestern border of Mexico. Materials and methods: Study with a qualitative approach and ethnographic design, on board seven Haitian migrants in the border area of the city of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico, with whom a semi-structured interview was developed, the information was analyzed by the NVivo program, to understand the frequency and structure of the data; later a process of categorization, interpretation and theorization of the study phenomenon was carried out. Out of a total of 281 units of analysis, a categorization process was carried out, which made it possible to structure two categories, six subcategories and 12 codes. Results: It is identified that the use of condoms in Haitian migrants is interpreted as an element of protection of sexual health in the prevention of unplanned pregnancies; however, barriers and consequences of use are identified on a personal, cultural and religious level. The construction of the idea of using it relies on the type of relationship and level of trust that one has in the sexual partner, so being married or living in a common-law relationship exempts the obligation or social commitment of using the condom. Likewise, the idea of protection does not reflect the concern about the transmission of STIs. Conclusions: The condom is perceived as an important element for the prevention of unintended pregnancies and HIV, however, the presence of personal, sensory and ideological factors limit the constant use of the condom; Therefore, the development of culturally adapted interventions for the Haitian migrant population, in the context of the northern border of Mexico, can strengthen condom use and HIV prevention.

Estado cognitivo y estrategias de compensación de memoria en personas adultas mayores / Cognitive state and memory compensation stategies in older adults

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre el estado cognitivo y las estrategias de compensación de memoria en personas adultas mayores que asisten a un centro de actividades diarias. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó un diseño descriptivo correlacional en 110 adultos mayores asistentes a un centro público de actividades recreativas. Se aplicó una cédula de datos personales, la Evaluación Cognitiva de Montreal y el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Compensación de Memoria. La investigación se realizó bajo la reglamentación vigente en México para la investigación en materia de salud. Resultados: El 54.5% de los participantes presentaron un estado cognitivo adecuado, 29.1% obtuvieron puntajes indicativos de probable demencia y 16.4% de deterioro cognitivo leve. La estrategia de compensación más empleada fue la del tiempo, seguido de las estrategias externas, esfuerzo, interna y confianza. El estado cognitivo se relacionó con las estrategias de confianza (p= 0.002) y esfuerzo (p= 0.013). El grupo con deterioro cognitivo leve uso mayormente la estrategia tiempo (p= 0.026) en comparación con los otros dos grupos. En cambio, el grupo de probable demencia, empleo mayormente la estrategia confianza (p= 0.013). Conclusiones: Ante el declive cognitivo, mayor será la necesidad de apoyarse en otra persona, así como el esfuerzo que realicen para recordar información. Además, las personas adultas mayores con deterioro cognitivo leve emplean más tiempo para lograr recordar, mientras que aquellas con probable demencia, compensan el declive apoyándose en otra persona para recordar. Este conocimiento podría apoyar en un futuro el desarrollo de intervenciones centradas en compensar el daño cognitivo y con ello favorecer a retrasar el declive cognitivo.

Abstract Objective: To explore the relationship between cognitive status and memory compensation strategies in older adults attending a daily activity center. Materials and methods: A descriptive and correlational design was applied in 110 older adults who attended a public recreational activities center. A personal data questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Memory Compensation Strategies Questionnaire were applied. The research was conducted under the ethical current regulations for health research in Mexico. Results: 54.5% of participants had adequate cognitive status, 29.1% obtained scores indicative of probable dementia, and 16.4% of mild cognitive impairment. The most frequently used compensation strategy was time, followed by external, effort, internal, and reliance strategies. Cognitive status was related to the strategies of confidence (p= .002) and effort (p= .013). The mild cognitive impairment group used more time strategy (p= .026) compared to the other two groups. In contrast, the probable dementia group used more the reliance strategy (p= .013). Conclusions: The greater the cognitive decline, the greater the need to rely on another person, as well as the effort made to remember information. In addition, older adults with mild cognitive impairment spent more time to remember, while those with probable dementia compensated for the decline by relying on another person to remember. This knowledge could support in the future the development of interventions focused on compensating for cognitive impairment and thus help to delay cognitive decline.

Statistical optimization of arsenic removal from synthetic water by electrocoagulation system and its application with real arsenic-polluted groundwater.

Arsenic presence in the water has become one of the most concerning environmental problems. Electrocoagulation is a technology that offers several advantages over conventional treatments such as chemical coagulation. In the present work, an electrocoagulation system was optimized for arsenic removal at initial concentrations of 100 µg/L using response surface methodology. The effects of studied parameters were determined by a 23 factorial design, whereas treatment time had a positive effect and current intensity had a negative effect on arsenic removal efficiency. With a p-value of 0.1629 and a confidence of level 99%, the type of electrode material did not have a significant effect on arsenic removal. Efficiency over 90% was reached at optimal operating conditions of 0.2 A of current intensity, and 7 min of treatment time using iron as the electrode material. However, the time necessary to accomplish with OMS arsenic guideline of 10 µg/L increased from 7 to 30 min when real arsenic-contaminated groundwater with an initial concentration of 80.2 ± 3.24 µg/L was used. The design of a pilot-scale electrocoagulation reactor was determined with the capacity to meet the water requirement of a 6417 population community in Sonora, Mexico. To provide the 1.0 L/s required, an electrocoagulation reactor with a working volume of 1.79 m3, a total electrode effective surface of 701 m2, operating at a current intensity of 180 A and an operating cost of 0.0208 US$/day was proposed. Based on these results, electrocoagulation can be considered an efficient technology to treat arsenic-contaminated water and meet the drinking water quality standards.

[Food contribution to total daily energy intake in the Mexican population older than five years]. / Contribución de los alimentos a la ingesta total de energía en la dieta de los mexicanos mayores de cinco años.

OBJECTIVE: To identifiy the energy contribution (EC) of the food consumed in those older than five years and by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 24-hour recalls from 7 983 subjects ≥5 years included in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). The EC to total daily energy intake of 50 foods allocated to eight food groups at national level and stratified by age, area of residence, region and socioeconomic level was estimated. RESULTS: Seven foods contributed 50% of total energy intake: tortilla and corn products (20.6%), sweet bread (6.6%), vegetable oils (4.9%), white bread and wheat products (4.9%), carbonated sugary drinks (4.6%), red meat (4.0%) and whole milk (4.0%). Other foods, which its consumption is recommended to increase due to its positive effects on health, showed minor contributions (less than 1.0%), with the exception of beans (3.3%). Great heterogeneity in intakes was observed between subgroups of the population. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of individual foods and their EC for both, food groups whose consumption should be increased as well as those that should be reduced can be useful for the design of regulatory actions and educational strategies aimed at reducing the diet related burden of disease.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la contribución a la ingesta de energía (CIE) de alimentos consumidos en mayores de cinco años y por características sociodemográficas, en la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó información del recordatorio de 24 horas de 7 983 sujetos ≥5 años incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). Se estimó la CIE de 50 alimentos clasificados en ocho grupos de alimentos en el ámbito nacional, estratificando por edad, área de residencia, región y nivel socioeconómico. RESULTADOS: Siete alimentos contribuyeron con 50% de la ingesta energética total: tortilla y productos de maíz (20.6%), pan dulce (6.6%), aceites vegetales (4.9%), pan blanco y derivados de trigo (4.9%), bebidas azucaradas carbonatadas (4.6%), carnes rojas (4.0%) y leche entera (4.0%). Otros alimentos, cuyo consumo es recomendable aumentar por sus efectos positivos en salud, mostraron contribuciones menores a 1.0%, con excepción del frijol (3.3%). Se observó gran heterogeneidad en el consumo entre subgrupos de población. CONCLUSIONES: La identificación de los alimentos individuales y su CIE, tanto en grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo se recomienda aumentar, como en aquéllos que se recomienda reducir, puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de acciones regulatorias y estrategias educativas dirigidas a disminuir la carga de enfermedad relacionada con la dieta.

Contribución de los alimentos a la ingesta total de energía en la dieta de los mexicanos mayores de cinco años / Food contribution to total daily energy intake in the Mexican population older than five years

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar la contribución a la ingesta de energía (CIE) de alimentos consumidos en mayores de cinco años y por características sociodemográficas, en la población mexicana. Material y métodos: Se analizó información del recordatorio de 24 horas de 7 983 sujetos ≥5 años incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). Se estimó la CIE de 50 alimentos clasificados en ocho grupos de alimentos en el ámbito nacional, estratificando por edad, área de residencia, región y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: Siete alimentos contribuyeron con 50% de la ingesta energética total: tortilla y productos de maíz (20.6%), pan dulce (6.6%), aceites vegetales (4.9%), pan blanco y derivados de trigo (4.9%), bebidas azucaradas carbonatadas (4.6%), carnes rojas (4.0%) y leche entera (4.0%). Otros alimentos, cuyo consumo es recomendable aumentar por sus efectos positivos en salud, mostraron contribuciones menores a 1.0%, con excepción del frijol (3.3%). Se observó gran heterogeneidad en el consumo entre subgrupos de población. Conclusión: La identificación de los alimentos individuales y su CIE, tanto en grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo se recomienda aumentar, como en aquéllos que se recomienda reducir, puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de acciones regulatorias y estrategias educativas dirigidas a disminuir la carga de enfermedad relacionada con la dieta.

Abstract: Objetive: To identifiy the energy contribution (EC) of the food consumed in those older than five years and by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. Materials and methods: We analyzed data from 24-hour recalls from 7 983 subjects ≥5 years included in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición2012 (Ensanut 2012). The EC to total daily energy intake of 50 foods allocated to eight food groups at national level and stratified by age, area of residence, region and socioeconomic level was estimated. Results: Seven foods contributed 50% of total energy intake: tortilla and corn products (20.6%), sweet bread (6.6%), vegetable oils (4.9%), white bread and wheat products (4.9%), carbonated sugary drinks (4.6%), red meat (4.0%) and whole milk (4.0%). Other foods, which its consumption is recommended to increase due to its positive effects on health, showed minor contributions (less than 1.0%), with the exception of beans (3.3%). Great heterogeneity in intakes was observed between subgroups of the population. Conclusions: The identification of individual foods and their EC for both, food groups whose consumption should be increased as well as those that should be reduced can be useful for the design of regulatory actions and educational strategies aimed at reducing the diet related burden of disease.